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Los Angeles - The opening to Led Zeppelin's Stairway to Heaven, one of rock 'n' roll's best-known ballads, was played for jurors on Tuesday in a case brought by the estate of a dead musician that claims it was stolen by the men credited with creating it.
A lawyer for the estate of the late Randy Wolfe, also known as Randy California, claimed the British rockers lifted the passage from the instrumental tune Taurus, recorded by his band Spirit, and infringed on the songwriter's copyright.
"This was a song that Randy California had written for the love of his life, Robin. That was her sign, Taurus," said attorney Francis Malofiy. "Little did anyone know it would fall into the hands of Jimmy Page and become the intro to Stairway to Heaven."
An attorney for guitarist Page and singer Robert Plant told the eight-person jury during opening statements in Los Angeles federal court that the chord progression in Wolfe's song is common and found in songs dating to the 1600s and that other similarities also exist.
"Do re mi appears in both songs," said attorney Peter Anderson, who also claims Wolfe's estate doesn't own the copyright to Taurus.
Page and Plant, both with their long hair pulled back and dressed in dark gray suits and white shirts, listened quietly as the first two minutes of the song was played for the jury. Their attorney then played a piano interpretation of Taurus that had only a vague similarity.
Malofiy showed videos of guitar interpretations of both songs, which sounded more alike. When played simultaneously, similarities and differences emerged.
Malofiy said Wolfe's work formed the basis for the riff that made the song a hit that is still widely played.
"When you hear those first iconic notes of Stairway to Heaven, it's instantly recognisable," Malofiy said.
Page, Plant and bandmate John Paul Jones are all expected to testify at the trial, though Jones has been dismissed as a defendant in the case.
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Led Zeppelin and Spirit performed at some concerts and festivals around the same time, but not on the same stage.
Wolfe, who drowned in 1997 saving his son in Hawaii, wrote Taurus either 1966 or 1967. Stairway to Heaven came out in 1971.
US District Judge R Gary Klausner ruled in April that evidence presented in hearings made a credible case that Led Zeppelin may have heard Taurus performed before their song was created.
Anderson said the two didn't hear the song for decades.
Malofiy, attorney for Wolfe's trustee Michael Skidmore, said while many copyright cases are an uphill battle, Klausner's ruling brought his client one step closer to getting Wolfe credit for helping create one of the most recognisable song introductions in rock history.
The song has generated hundreds of millions of dollars over the years. Malofiy said the estate was able to sue after a 2014 change in the law allowed suing for continued copyright infringement.
The trial follows a high-profile victory last year when a federal jury found that Robin Thicke and Pharrell Williams copied a Marvin Gaye song to create their 2013 hit, Blurred Lines and awarded Gaye's children $7.4m.
A judge trimmed the award, and the verdict is under appeal, but the decision appears to have prompted a surge in copyright-infringement filings.
The same attorney who represented Gaye's family filed another suit last week in Los Angeles saying Ed Sheeran's 2014 song Photograph is too similar to the 2009 song Amazing written by Martin Harrington and Thomas Leonard.
